Friday, November 12, 2021

Q & A with Simon Kossoff

Simon Kossoff is a photographer and writer based in Arkansas.

BA: Where did you grow up?  How and when did you get into photography?

SK: I was born in Middlesbrough in the north of England, but raised in the south in Hampshire and Dorset. It's hard to pin down my first connection to photography. I remembered recently when I was perhaps 8 or 9 years old and my mother sitting next to me and she was very excited to show the new in utero photographs in one of the Sunday supplements. I remember being absolutely terrified and amazed by them and fearful of every turn of the page.


That's pretty heavy to lay on an eight year old.


I think that too now. She kept saying how beautiful they were.


How would you describe your mom? What kind of person was she?


Down to earth, creative and visceral in her descriptions of things. She’s a northerner.


I'm a dumb American. What does northerner mean in UK? Is that the industrial part?


From Yorkshire and yes.


Maybe like Pittsburg is to the US?


That is exactly how I have described it in the past! Yes.


Whoa, cosmic. We're like twin brained.


Hahaha.


What's the UK version of Arkansas?


Dorset, for sure. That's the UK's south. Going back to how I got into photography, I remember using the family camera. I don't know what it was but it was square format. I used to set up scenes with my Star Wars figures, getting down really low to the ground, like I was part of the stilted action. I was maybe 11 then. I'd use up the whole film, get into trouble, but hurry to get them into the mail to be processed. TruePrint, with a free film. When the pictures came back I'd draw on all the laser fire and explosions. Later at about 14 I got a Polaroid camera for Christmas with a couple of film packs. I loved Polaroid. A friend of mine at school was a gifted shoplifter and she’d steal film for me in exchange for my lunch tickets.



Did you save any of those photos with the laser fire drawn on top?


My Mum might have them still, I don't know.  I showed my art teacher what I had done with the Polaroids and he mounted and framed them as a set and it was hung up outside the library at our school. I thought they looked cool, and got me thinking differently about things, like this totally creative personal thing can be now up on the wall. I felt quite exposed. 


When you say "family camera" that implies that your parents (or siblings, or someone?) were amateur photographers too. Did you have anyone else in the family or nearby friends to learn from or share ideas with?


My Uncle was a cameraman for the BBC and he was a keen photographer too, still is. He bought me a new Pentax for my 18th birthday. That's when I started to get really excited about photography.



What kind of photos were you making then?

At around that time Hockney was making his joiners and I could not resist making them myself too, they caused mind bending kaleidoscopic thinking in me, the changing perspective, each photo of the same scene a different exposure, focus and view point, and the assembling of them too. Over the years I realize how important and creative that assembling part of the process is. I am in an assembling phase now.


These were Polaroids you were joining? Or photos made with the Pentax?


With the Pentax. I experimented wildly with Polaroids and loved making those Ralph Steadman-like Paranoids too


Was this around the time you made scrapbooks too? I've seen some of those shared on FB recently.




I have always made scrapbooks and filled up notebooks. The pages you saw were from my 20s.


It sounds like you were interested from the very beginning in pictures as elements in larger art pieces. Not necessarily prizing them as single frames, but also for their wider application in collage or grid or scrap, etc. 


It was the photographs first, that was what it was about. I was always ripping out pages from magazines with a photo on it that I thought was cool in some way. Then I’d cut it out carefully and stick it into my scrapbook so I had it safe to revisit and ponder. Once the photo was glued into the scrapbook the pictures would over time collect other photos around them on the pages, then writings, poems, notes, lists, thoughts and compulsive doodling became a part of that too. I carried a notebook and pen around with me, like I later would carry a camera. It was the photos first though. 


I still do this collecting, but digitally, and have tons of saved nameless images in folders. I trust it is all for something later, but I have not connected the dots yet and realized what for yet, but that’s ok. An example of this is with the ‘pink suitcase’ pics. I read an article about a girl being found dead in a suitcase about a mile from where I used to live and this set off a fantasy whodunit going in my mind and I have an idea to return and make my own photographic investigation into the murder, but esoterically, gathering whatever I believe is evidence and photographing it. Anyway I had several crime scene photos saved and several old photos of the area too and I just started putting them together, assembling them into episodes. It’s going somewhere, slowly.


It’s a very different approach than "street photography”, a category which for better or worse, you've been lumped into.


I have and that is alright with me. I only have about 20 of what I would consider true street photos in my archive. I think this connection originally came from my Flickr group Altered States of Agoraphobia. At that time—maybe 2010-13?—I did source and invite several photos posted in the Hard Core Street Photography (HCSP) Flickr group to be part of my own. My group had a tight submission brief and I was super specific in my curating of it and I think at the time street photographers were looking for a home for their work too, to be separated from the crowd, to rest and be. It was from there I felt love from the street community, I think. That was a long time ago though. I do love street photography, it just floats out there unattached to any idea other than itself, which is beautiful and pure thing, but it is lost in the crowd of a million others doing the same. The good stuff does rise though, which is amazing.


Tell me a bit more about your Altered States of Agoraphobia.


It started back in, 2010, maybe before. It was during my immigration process and I was not yet legal to work so I had time to really explore my corner of Flickr. I was following some wonderful photographers and felt I wanted to do something collectively with them, but didn’t know what. I had been in the US maybe 3 years and done some traveling and was beginning to get a feel for the mind-boggling size and geographic diversity of this country and was curious about the locations of the American photographers I was following and what their world was like. I set the group up as a kind of extension of my own explorations and invited images from a handful of photographers to submit and they did. These initial submissions acted as a baseline for me and gave an idea of what I was looking for from potential future members. The introduction of the group stated:

“The Altered States of Agoraphobia is a psychological, geographical and cultural investigation into the United States of America today by what I call its ‘Resident Aliens’. It is a contemporary photographic exploration into both the psyche of the artist and also a document of the world in which he or she inhabits and the forces acting on both.”

It took off pretty quickly too. I had ideas for a publication, but I didn’t have the know-how to do it by myself. A show too. Then Brian Formhals, who was editor of La Pura Vida, approached me and invited me to contribute a regular Altered States feature for it. I did the first couple and then turned it over to any interested member to make their own, using a text from American literature coupled with a selection of photographs from the group pool. It was great too while it lasted, but times changed. La Pura Vida folded, I got my Green Card, and the real world took over and it, like many other things around that time, began to get neglected and that was that. 2013 I think. I haven’t visited the group since and long ago forgot my login details. Photographer and nice chap, Matt Gomes contacted me about 4 years ago asking if he could take it over, and I said yes, but not sure what became of it. Now that I am settled again these days it has crossed my mind to reboot it somehow and I have some ideas. I am in a better position now if I wanted to run with it too. The title is still cool and has a new edge to it after recent global events. Looking back, the original project was, for me, an exercise in curation and it was a joy all the way.


I was quite a chronic Dyslexic so in my early years I loved comic books, illustrations, photographs.


Does Dyslexia manifest in your photography in some way, in how you see visually?


Probably and that is a really interesting thought. I recently became aware that all these initial visual influences on me in early life are beginning to surface again, or I seem to be noticing this looking at my archive. It may inform my use of flash and how I seem to compose. I like to flatten everything out in a photograph, like on an even plane like a comic graphic in that way. I am embracing it and it knows what it wants to do and I trust it. I have found myself sequencing pictures this way too.



In other words, working with the natural dynamics of photography. Photos convert to 2D, but many photographers try to fight that basic fact. 


They do?


Maybe I overstated that. Photographers don't always fight against 2D. But a lot try to ignore it. It's the lazy school of thought that associates the meaning of a photograph merely with what's in the photo. Have you seen Tim Davis’ latest book? He talks about that a bit, how photography can only ever describe the surface of things. It describe the outer visual layer only. And then you take that information and flatten it into its own 2D form. It's quite something.


Wow. It's funny because I read your review of that book the other day and also watched Alec Soth's new YouTube video, talking about that too. I love Tim Davis and this new book looks wonderful.


I need to watch the Soth video. Is it good?


Those videos are like watching Bob Ross. I would love to hear Alec read those essays in full just to listen to that restful voice he has.


Haha. “Here I am about to photograph some happy little trees…”


Yes!


You mentioned flash a minute ago, and the way it flattens space. When did you first start using flash?


Good question. When I came to the US, I think.. I wanted to light up every corner of every photograph and see what was in there. If something stirred me to raise my camera I didn't want to miss anything at all in its recording. There are profound signs and symbols in the shadows sometimes, secret things you saw but didn't see. My teachers and peers mostly all used flash at University and I got an education watching them. I was into constructing sets and making my own deck of tarot cards then. Yes, the first time I used flash was when I came to the US, 15 years after graduation.


Did you focus on photography at university? If so, how was that experience?


Yes, I studied at Brighton Univ, Editorial photography. It was a fabulous course and looking back I am reminded of how lucky I was to have attended at that time. Paul Reas and Mark Power were amongst my teachers as was Jim Cooke and history of photography was taught by Gerry Badger. Our visiting teachers were also always a treat and included Martin Parr, Harvey Benge, so many more. Paul, as I remember, was tough in his approach. He had us make slides of our contact sheets for class crit sessions, which was rough on us all. 


I heard a podcast last week with Paul Reas (Ben Smith's Small Voice). He sounds like a very thoughtful guy. Probably a good teacher.


Yes, I listened to Paul's podcast too, just yesterday I think. It was good and it was nice to hear his voice again. I had no idea about his own dyslexia too and it moved me to drop him a line and say hi.


Mark’s Shipping Forecast was published during this time and he was working on the Dome project and he’d pin up prints from it now and again, amazing work and a privilege to see in progress. I learnt a lot there about exploring ideas. Mark’s grid assignment was one I always remember and has never left me really. He had cut up a map of Brighton into its squares and put them into a hat and we had to each pick one out then go there and make pictures.


That sounds a lot like Portland Grid Project which I was involved with many years ago. We cut up a map and picked squares at random. But we shot the entire city over 9 years, not just one part. It was very enjoyable, I started one in Eugene when I moved here.


I got a lot out of that project and I am sure you did too. What happened to the Portland one, was there a show?


We did have a few shows while I was part of it. And I think there have been some shows since I left (it's now about to start round 4). But we didn't really focus on that. It was always more of a personal project, at least for me. If I ever was in need of some place to shoot, and feeling a bit adrift the grid was always a source I could depend on. It always promised a new place to explore. Which for my way of shooting is everything I need.



I am very much the same way. Drawing a circle around a location on a map and exploring the interior.


Were you always that way? Even back in school and before?


That is a start for me, often. The world is too big otherwise. Photos have to have a location, no matter how arbitrary. If it is not stated or apparent, then the location can become a psychic one, which means for me, some aspect of my unconscious will connect to it instead and make itself known. There is something about knowing this that gives me a footing somehow in making sense of my own life. Sounds heavy, but I am not a commercial photographer. Photography is part of my everyday life and that is what I photograph. I have chosen it as a tool and an aid and have a private complex relationship with it. It is essential to my general good health. I am sure you are the same way, otherwise why are we still doing it?


I have asked myself that question quite often. Never with a good answer. I think it is something like you describe, an every day tool inseparable from life.


Between you and I here, I have never gone "on record" that I was a heroin addict for several years after my girlfriend of 7 years died suddenly in 2003. That was a black hole for me for a solid 3 years afterwards. I eventually cleaned up after going to Thailand and living on a monastery and taking their vomit cure. 


Tell me more about the monastery.


After several failed attempts to get clean I decided to go to Thamkrabok Monastery, in Thailand. A lot of people on the UK ‘streets’ had heard of this place and I had too, it was like junkie folklore in a way and seen as the last resort at the end of the line. There the monks have developed a special herbal medicine which has been used with some success to treat addiction. Twice a day myself and a group of other addicts, mostly Thai, gathered to drink a shot glass of thick back bitter tasting liquid, like ground up cockroaches. Then drink as much water as we could. There is a reaction that then causes intense and projectile vomiting. Drums are going at this time and monks are chanting, monkeys are howling, the jungle is right there and I am on my knees puking into a gutter. If you didn’t manage to vomit the liquid up it would sit there inside you sloshing about and sending you into a kind of delirium of nausea and the only relief was to puke. I stayed clean for 9 years after that.


Do you know what was in the medicine? It almost sounds worse than quitting cold turkey and puking without medicine.

I don't know what the medicine was and have tried to find out in the past and drawn a blank. I was already starting to go through withdrawals when I got on the plane. We didn't get anything but the beetle juice.


After I got back I went to live in Madrid, Spain where I worked and lived for 2 years as an English teacher. It was there I met my future ex-wife. She is an American and when she got another job offer back home and we did not want to be apart, so I went with her. We were married for 7 years. 


I try to keep the heroin out of my "story" because there is a huge stigma to that particular drug and I do not want my pictures to be viewed only through the prism of addiction and recovery either, if that makes sense, bc it's not the whole story. Addiction is the manifestation of deeper ‘ill humors’ and its those which I am interested in exploring more, not just its surface behaviors  - the drug taking (though I do have those photos too). Maybe I should just go on record, as it were..


Personally I attach zero stigma to heroin, or any other drug. They are personal choices, some of which—e.g. heroin— pose health risks. But the criminal side is irrelevant to me. All the drug laws are fucked and should be disregarded. Oregon has done away with most such laws, thankfully. Anyway, if you feel it's important to your life story and your photographic development, I'm all ears.


Yes, we can talk about that. Let’s see where it goes. Addictions are present in my pictures, in the pixels, the craving, lust, anxiety and dread, haha. 


I try to be aware of how I am feeling when I am taking pictures and sometimes drugs are in there and part of that and sometimes they are not. I hope for transmission or connection. Music is the most transmissive of the arts, I think. A sad song is a sad song to most who hear it. Some of Robert Frank’s photos in particular are not only transmitting but transporting too, for me. I personally do not go for a record of a time, but a feeling for it more and this is where drugs can be found in the work.


You said “addictions” (plural). There are others?


I am an addict and can get addicted to anything now. I have to watch my step, be mindful and pay attention. I was never much of a drinker though. I gave up smoking this year for the first proper attempt to quit. I’d smoked about a pack a day since I was 20. That’s been a big deal for me. 8 months. They say cigarettes are the first drug people pick up and the last they put down.


I got fully clean and stable and ready to get my life back after I returned from Thailand and my life since then, though there have been some major ups and downs, they have been preferable to where I was before. I have relapsed here and there briefly over the years on either heroin or meth, which I did for the first time about 4 years ago. It was a fucked up time and I am glad it is in the past. Meth is such a terrifying drug. I am not designed for it at all. The horror. My other Instagram account covers some of the ground material from that time.


I got out of that situation with nothing but the pictures I took then and at some point I am going to face them and assemble them into a narrative that makes sense to me. Making sense of a time when I really was not a reliable witness to my own experiences. That lovely Mum of mine is going to now read this. Lets make it part of the healing. 


Do you think there addictive aspects to photography? You said you were taking photos high on meth, without much sense of what they'd be. I think some part of you felt that recording impulse no matter how stoned. Perhaps it is a type of compulsion?


Yes, I've heard a lot of people say they are addicted to photography, but addiction to anything is no fun and people are just trying to sound cool when they say that. The compulsion to take a photo though is something else. I have been carrying a camera around for a long time. I have wondered if I carry a camera as a disability aid, like I need this with me at all time just in case, because I am not able to process my reality in retrospect. But that recording impulse is a real thing. I trust it right through and don't get in its way. I will find out what it all means later. I could probably write something about the effects of different drugs on photography.


Weird. As soon as I wrote that last comment, VU’s “Waiting For The Man” came on the radio. Maybe someone should write a photographic version, "Waiting for my B & H package."


Hahahaha. Let's do this.


Why is meth terrifying in comparison to heroin? And when will you look through those meth photos? 


Well, when a heroin user has some heroin they just want to relax and be left alone for the most part, but meth people get high and instantly want to go looking for trouble, first on their phones then out and about in the area. Then if you include a whole community doing this too there can be a lot of aggro, drama and weirdness. I can't go into my experience too deeply because there was a bunch of stuff I was not sure was real or not in the end and it is such a crazy fucked up world under the surface of things sometimes, that I just don't know..

Maybe when I get into really start looking at all that stuff I shot on meth with my iPod, I will get it figured out and turn it into something cool. That's how I will balance the books on that experience. Turn my karma around and shake the curse. 


You say you weren't sure what was real or not. It seems like the photos might weigh in here. 


The photos are like uncovered arrow heads, fragile and curious findings that open up an hour of time surrounding the making of the picture for example. It's not easy to explain.


You shot photos with an iPod? What was that about? Why not a camera?


I got a job working as a security guard for a meat processing plant in SW Missouri. It was a tough place. Photography was strictly forbidden too. I had been using a Nikon up until then, but felt it was suddenly intrusive and people seemed be self conscious when they saw it. Not sure why this come about, probably because most people there had warrants and stuff. Switching to my iPod was natural and no one cares if you are holding one. I liked using it a lot and I like the low image quality too, gritty, noisy and saturated in colour. I liked the tiny pin head flash too, that lighted things up like a candle flame and had to get really close too. I shot with this for a year. This was during my meth time too. I’d met a cute Cherokee girl who was on probation and working in the plant kitchen, and to Hell we went.. This was about 4 years ago.


What was it like working at a meat plant? 


It’s a death factory. 1/4 million chickens killed every day. There was not much poetry there. It was located in a small town and all the employees from the area. It was incredibility multi-cultural too. Refugees from Somalia, from US territories in Micronesia, first nations, immigrants from south of the border and of course a rich and wonderful variety of local rednecks.


What kind of photos were you looking for? What would have happened if you were caught?


I was taking pictures of my life, the place, the people and my job. The plant of course is terrified of PETA infiltrations and I was told a photographer could be charged with corporate espionage. Heavy stuff.

I just tagged you in a pic on Instagram to show you. I am pretty sure I could get into big trouble for this pic, if it was found. I will maintain it is nothing but a scale model like my star wars figure set up’s.


It's a strong photo. But at the same time I don't think it's incriminating for the factory. I mean it looks about like what you'd expect a meat plant to look like. And if it's on Instagram, isn't it out there in public already? What would they do if they saw it? Fire you? You're already out of there.


I was not in any way allowed to make that picture. I knew someone who took me in there.


I had a related experience a few years back in Maine. I tagged along with my brother-in-law to a chicken slaughterhouse where he had his chickens "harvested" or whatever.


Harvested, yes, that language all the time, in security we called it the “kill”.


It was just a shack in the woods basically, with an assembly line inside. Chickens went in one end, throat cut, defeathered, Boom, meat out the other end. No one cared about me shooting photos. In fact there's one in that zine I sent you. I think if I dealt with that scene every day I would have a breakdown. I'm a total pussy when it comes to blood and meat and stuff.


Hard to comprehend. I just had another look at your photo, it's a good one, haha. Yours is a great zine. Always been a fan for your photos.


Thanks man. I was on a huge Instax thing for a few years. Had to go to this place in Thailand to finally kick lol. 


Hahaha, they took my camera off me as soon as I walked in there. The monks did, I mean.


The monastery was just like the slaughterhouse. There must be a joke in there somewhere. Or maybe just that cameras are increasingly unwelcome.


Always, you know this too of course, “photography is not a crime”. I have been escorted from the premises of many a big box store in my time too.


Reminds me of Paul Reas and his book I Can Help. I'm guessing he must have been escorted out of a few stores while shooting that book. Was that book influential for you?


I knew about it at college, friends owned a copy and I'd seen it. I'd say it did influence me, but low key. It's only looking back now though that I can really see how much. I'm a bastard son of 1980s British social documentary. Harvey Benge, who had given a lecture inspired me a lot at that time. His book Not Here. Not There, and later Vital Signs both really effected me. His idea about the "I-ness of other-ness" is something that instantly took hold and is still very much a part of how I work today. I only have a 3 short shelves of photo books these days.. lost so much, but I Can Help is there. It's so good too.


What do you mean lost? You sold off your books? Or actually lost them?


Traveling around, I left a box here and there, some lent and not returned. I've been rounding up my few possessions.



This might be a segue into your car life the past few years. Can you tell me a bit about that. How that situation came about and where you went, etc.


When my marriage ended I spent the following year working hard, living simply and saving as much as I could. This was 2014. The 'car life' (love it) was planned, and I had given myself one year to be ready. I was an EMT then and worked for a big casino in Kansas City and also for an event management company who were an agent for EMTs and security guards looking for extra gigs.


I had decided it would be a trip that was going to take a year and that first leg of it did. I left KC in May and was back the following year at the same time. I had driven from Kansas City out and up the east coast to NYC then west to Detroit, north over the Upper Peninsula of Michigan, then out to Wyoming. I had planned to go to the northwest, but because I had snow coming in behind me, I made an exit road sign decision in Dylan, Montana and headed south to avoid it. I then went south down into those deserts. I spend some months in southern California after that and eventually headed back though Texas. I would only be back in KC though for about 3 months and that was punctuated with 2 trips to Colorado. My friend, Photographer Philip Heying had also arranged for me to be artist in residence at one of the little houses (on the compound) that the late William Burroughs owned in Lawrence, Kansas. There I got a chance to sit down and begin editing what I had shot the previous year.


Was this when you shot the Bump zine Descendant?


There are about 10 pictures from then in it, I believe. It was from Lawrence that I went to south Missouri and the meat processing plant.


Did you ever shoot photos as an EMT? 


No. It was not possible. I thought about it, and it was going to get in the way, so no. 


What was the Burroughs compound like? Did it still have any of his stuff? It always struck me as strange that he lived in Lawrence. I know he wanted to escape NY. But all that time in Kansas...Weird. Of course I live in bumfuck too, which is maybe why I'm intrigued.


His stuff was everywhere, his cane and jacket by the front door. The wishing machine was next door. His paintings and those few who take care of everything. Should be a museum I think.


How would you describe Lawrence, Kansas, to someone like me who's never been there?

College town, leafy neighborhoods. The downtown is pedestrian, so enough like Europe for me to feel comfortable, but for sure apple pie.


You're more comfortable in Europe that America? Do you still feel like a foreigner living here? Or do you feel American now?


No, I am a foreigner.


Do you think you'll ever move back to the UK? Or somewhere else maybe?


If I leave the USA it will be for somewhere like Nepal, via the UK for bye byes.


What is your least favorite aspect of America? Keep in mind we produced WS Burroughs. So we can't be 100 percent bad. And Hondas. No wait, that was someone else.


I have only lived in the UK for 3 years in the last 20. Least fav thing about the US, the health care system. Mind boggling all the way. No insurance and it’s back to listening to old wives tales and make do and know how, remedies from Dollar Tree, hope for the best. 1890 again, street drugs and Vet meds.


But that's just the thing. You've lived many years in the US but you still feel like a foreigner. 


Been here 13 years. The UK has changed so much since I left. Last year when my back was injured and I was at my lowest, It crossed my mind to perhaps return, but I soon realized that was ridiculous. This is my life. There is no going back home. I’m a foreigner everywhere now. 


I think it's a very clubby country in some ways, and not easy for outsiders. But of course it is built on immigration so outsiders are quite essential to its character. 


Being an outsider, for me, has helped. The amount of times I have been confided in while others have talked candidly about their lives and their country, because I am an outsider. As an EMT and security guard having a British accent has helped. I have found it has disarmed people gently. Same with photography.


Alienation I think is very useful in photography. All of my favorite photographers (you included) exhibit that tension in their work. That sense of an outsider looking in.


I have always felt like an outsider and being part of a group has never appealed to me either (like Burn My Eye). Growing up we were on the move as a family and I was often the new kid at a school and always felt out of step. Then later as a young adult I began traveling on my own or with a friend on the trains throughout Europe, back packing with hardly any money, sleeping on beaches, mixing with locals wherever we were, getting lost, finding our way and stumbling onto sites where there were the remains of previous civilizations. I used to think, how else would anyone want to live. Traveling is what I have come to know, reflecting now. Being in one place only meant getting a job and saving for the next trip. That was the difficult part for me, being in one place and all the things one has to do to remain there. Its easy to lose your way and I have. Right now I am happy to not be out there in the 'wilds' anymore and after 6 years I have gone a little feral too, but I am finding my way and have a wonderful partner. I now have a lot of editing and stuff to do too. Yes, outsider and pretty much always the ernest novice.


You are right about the health care. It is an insane system. It's kind of like a Platypus. You look at it and wonder "how did that thing ever come into being?" But it was a simple process of mindless evolution. A led to B led to C, and here we are.


It is the most striking difference in our cultures.


Do you think there is more classism in the UK than here? Put on your meat-plant glasses a minute.


Classism is alive and well here. Being a Brit I have, like us all, a special ear for all the tiny nuances and class markers of the UK. I have heard myself say here "where are they from?" so I can jump to the outrageous conclusion about what sort of person I think they are from what UK city they are from.


Same thing here pretty much.


Yes, it's true, but maybe missing the bitterly sarcastic multi-layered venom.


Are you conscious of that at all as you shoot pictures? I think that photography is inherently a power play. It's a way to exert control over others. Of course there's a lot more to it too. But for me that is a constant background presence, as I decide where who what how to shoot. And since class and social structure run throughout American culture, photography intersects with them. Almost always on every shoot, no matter if I'm shooting people or buildings or birds or whatever.


I don't think I have ever seen it as a power play, personally, but yes I can see how it could be. I know a model who had lot of stories of shoots with sleazy photographers. I know that's not what you are getting at exactly, but like anything it has a responsibility and one has to check oneself and pay attention. Photography has a way of keeping me present. I can look at a photo I took a year ago and it can transmit a clear message to me about me then and it is contrasted with the me now, looking at it. It can be intense, like two mirrors facing one another. The feedback can be devastating and in the past, especially when I first started taking pictures, bringing prints to a photo group I felt very exposed as if all my psychology was there to see. This is one of the reasons I still take pictures. Photography connects me to myself, for better or worse.


You mentioned BME a little while ago. Are you still part of that group? 


I left BME in January. To be honest I never took advantage of the platform and I could never keep up with the endless banter and debate that was going on all the time. Not much of the little I had to do with it was much fun I'm afraid, but I wish them the best. There are some beautiful souls part of it though. Just not my cuppa tea. Dirty Harry is part of UP isn't he?


yUP.


He was in BME before but he was out of there in a couple of months.


Did you interact with him much?


Not really. He proposed an At Home assignment for the group but no-one could agree what was in, out, or about. Tragic


I think you got to know Don through BME right? I love Don. 


No, Don and I had known each other a few years already.


Oh, so maybe he helped invite you to BME?


Maybe hahaha.


It's all who you know. That's what makes the world go round. I don’t know anyone, unfortunately


He is into it much more than me. In fact he was my only point of contact with the group in the end. I asked him to choose what pics they were going to use of mine, for things. I was grateful for that. He’d summarize the banter too. Both Don and Gene are very dear to me. You guys of course know each other, he has told me. I saw you in one of Joe's photos today too. Never met Joe, but love him.


Yeah, I love Joe too. I slept on his couch for a few days in August. The heart of Bushwick. Great location.


That's really cool. I know there was some trouble with him and he vanished. I always hoped he was doing alright. I should just message him. I am isolated as a photographer. I have wanted to travel to your neck of the woods for so long. I have never met Missy, but I love her work and we have talked here and there over the years, as I have to Ron too. I would like to meet them. And your good self of course.



Come up to Oregon anytime. Missy and Ron are cool. I saw them regularly before the pandemic. But I've only seen Missy once this past year. I think she is not doing much photography. Or maybe just not sharing much if she is. You would dig their record collection. It fills an entire wall in their apartment. Our photo meetings used to be structured in 20 minute blocks. Play a side, share some pix, record done…Get up, change the record, repeat...


I've seen it in the background of some of their photos I think. Photo meetings, I like the sound of that.


Do you have any photo community where you are? People to shoot with or talk shop or share work?


Not at all. I was thinking of having a little show locally for kicks. I have some frames and it will get me making some prints again.


Yeah cool. Is there a good spot?


Looking for it now.


Park your car somewhere. Paste some photos from Descendant inside. Open it up to the public. Boom.


Sadly I donated my car to a charity. That’s why I made Descendant, like a memorial of sorts. It was beyond repair. I like the idea of those paste up shows I'd seen in NYC on construction site fences.


Michael Jang is doing wheat paste shows in SF. Also Jesse Marlow in Melbourne. I have considered it. I think it's a cool idea in a lot of ways.


Me too, I love coming across that stuff too.


Complete subversion of the gallery structure. Photos to the people! But of course, that means no print sales too. So no paying for the show.


Yes, many levels cool. Leave a cryptic web address.



Yeah, send them to some wacko Trump site or something.


Hahahaha.


So you’re planning a show. You just published two zines with Bump and are about to publish a book. And now this interview. I'm wondering how those projects came about, and how you feel about this general reactivation of your public photo life.


In May when David Solomons invited me to make a zine with Bump Books I felt it was good timing. I had just completed a mountain of editing and was getting a feeling for what was going on in my work and was ready to start doing something with it. A zine was perfect. I have now made two and David has been an intuitive collaborator and the process has been a pleasure for me.  


It was at this time that I heard from Eyeshot informing me I was one of the winners of their open call to make a book with them. This, of course, is very exciting and a dream come true. Since then work has begun. I have submitted my initial unsequenced selection of about 200 photographs and Eyeshot has responded with their own selection from that edit which is about half of that. The assembling of the book has now begun and I like this tentative semi-final selection very much and it retains the spirit of my secret vision for the book and I am eager to start work on the sequencing. I hope the book will be published this year. 


It's lovely to be back online reconnecting and seeing a lot of new work. It appears to me also, having spent time away, there has been an emergence of the photographer as a personality too. There are so many photographers with YouTube channels out there doing their thing and I have spent many an evening down a photo podcast wormhole. This interview has been a wonderful and challenging experience and it has helped me to think about what I am doing. I appreciate it, thank you.

Wednesday, October 13, 2021

Q & A with Rick Schatzberg

Rick Schatzberg is a photographer based in Brooklyn and Norfolk, CT, and the author of the recent monograph The Boys.

BA: I’m curious to learn about your path to photography. As I understand it, you took it up later in life. Can you kind of sketch out how that happened?


RS: Early in life I thought I'd be a musician. First, singer/songwriter stuff, but later graduated to jazz. I was involved in the avant-garde jazz scene in the 70s. I played French horn with Cecil Taylor's jazz ensemble in Yellow Springs, Ohio. I moved to NYC when Cecil did, and I played piano and horn for a few years with various musicians in the downtown jazz loft scene. That was a pretty stimulating time musically in NY, with punk at CBGBs just down the street from some of the better known jazz lofts; hip-hop Uptown; Latin Salsa everywhere; disco; new forms of classical music pioneered by Phillip Glass, Steve Reich, and others; performer/composers like Laurie Anderson and Meredith Monk; New Wave bands like Talking Heads and Television playing at the Mudd Club. I was living in a loft in Tribeca, where we played music all the time. That’s just below SOHO, and so though I was aware that there was a real art scene there, I didn’t know very much about it.


At a certain point in my mid 20s I recognized I didn't have the chops—and never would—to play jazz at such a serious level. Having immersed myself in serious music, I had no interest in returning to pop music, and so I entered the business world to make a living. 


BA: Wow! You say you didn’t have the chops but you were playing with Cecil Taylor. He wouldn’t suffer chumps, so you’d already attained a pretty serious level. Did you feel you’d plateaued? 


RS: Cecil’s Ensemble was essentially a jazz orchestra with roughly 25-30 musicians. Not like a classical orchestra consisting largely of string sections, but instead sections of woodwinds (mostly saxophones), brass, percussion, etc. I was proficient enough to play the parts in my section and to contribute to the whole, and I really loved the music. I also played in much smaller groups (duos, trios, quartets, etc). I eventually concluded that if I spent all my waking hours practicing and studying my craft, I still wouldn’t achieve the mastery necessary to truly participate in that world. People often say that talent—compared to consistent hard work—is overrated. That may be true, but only to a point. I think I understood where that point was, and have never regretted the decision to walk away from that life. I do feel I gained insights from those experiences that have stayed with me. I learned how to really listen to music; how new artistic expression evolves from traditional forms both incrementally and sometimes in quantum leaps; about the synthesis of wildly different inputs to make something new and powerful; and about the dedication it takes to accomplish anything worthwhile.


While still playing music up through the early 80s I was working part-time at the Village Voice in the art/production area to support myself. When I stopped playing music I transitioned to a small book-publishing company where I got a job as production manager.  Then I got a chance to join a start-up in the early 80s (unrelated to publishing) that took off. I started as the junior guy but over the years became a senior executive in what grew to be a Fortune 50 company. I retired early, spent more time with family and also went back to school mostly studying history and political science. After seven years, when our kids were in college and high school, I was recruited by a former boss to co-found a startup. This I did for just a few years, and we sold it. While still there, I became fairly obsessed with photography. So when I could get out of the corporate world for good, I just focused on that. I took some classes at ICP and then enrolled in a six-week intensive program with Tom Roma at Columbia University, which was great and really opened my eyes. My conception of photography up until then had been pretty much stuck in a mid-20th century aesthetic. Cartier-Bresson’s decisive moment and all that. Which was fine so far as it went, but so narrow and limited. I then enrolled in a full-time program at ICP where I learned to shoot film and work in both the B&W and color darkrooms. So many excellent teachers there! I also learned to use a large format camera (4x5), taking classes with Joshua Lutz and Justine Kurland. I graduated from ICP in 2015. For the next year and a half or so I worked only with color film, and in 2017 I started in Hartford Art School's MFA program. I was becoming increasingly interested in the photobook as a medium. Hartford placed a great emphasis on photobooks, and it seemed like this was a good environment to advance my work.


BA: You said you became “ obsessed with photography”. Roughly what year was that. And how did it happen?


RS: I think it was around 2008. But my wife and I had been interested in photography for a long time, and occasionally bought something for ourselves as an anniversary present. My wife, Marilyn, was the photo intern for the Village Voice when we met, under Fred McDarrah and Sylvia Plachy. She worked freelance and also shot for Country Music, Rolling Stone, and several other magazines. (She never loved the hustle of free-lance work and gave it up in the mid-80s.) 

I started taking pictures when I was out mountain biking, just with my cell phone. I began experimenting with various apps to process these images and share them on social media. From there both the cameras and the places I’d shoot kept expanding: first to a "micro 4/3", then a full-frame digital, next a mirrorless digital, then medium format film, and finally 4 x 5 film. But I am now in the process of selling my film equipment and transitioning to medium format digital.


BA: What kind of photos do you and Marilyn collect? Any examples?


RS: We are not what I’d call serious collectors, but we do have a few nice photographs. I think the first photos we bought were in Santa Fe in the early 80s, work by Meridel Rubenstein and David Michael Kennedy. Other examples: We have a couple Louis Stettner prints from the 40s; a few Jack Spencer photos; a beautiful Roy DeCarava photograph of John Coltrane and Elvin Jones; a well-known image by Albelardo Morell; a striking color image by Yola Monakhov Stockton, who was a teacher of mine at Columbia. Once I started paying for art school and making my own work we stopped buying photographs, and I began acquiring photobooks—which by now have taken over the house. (These I regard more as part of a working library rather than as a “collection;” I don’t obsess over first editions.) Recently, we acquired a beautiful palladium print from Andrea Modica’s Treadwell series as an anniversary present to ourselves. We are pretty much out of wall space, but if I were to somehow manage to add more, Mark Steinmetz and Alessandra Sanguinetti would be high up on my list.


BA: Would you say that Marilyn’s photography influenced you? 


RS: I don’t think so. She was mostly shooting musicians in the 70s and early 80s like REM, Irma Thomas, Sun Ra, etc. She was also hand-tinting images (pre-Photoshop). She did great work, but it wasn’t anything I could see myself doing.


BA: Does she give you feedback now on current work?




RS: Absolutely! I am always interested in her opinion, and she’s very frank. For my work in The Boys, she helped me make my self-portraits, which were pretty awkward to do myself on a large format camera.


BA: What do you think was it that first pulled you into photography? Did you ever take photos before 2008, either as a kid or earlier in life? 


RS: Starting in high school and college I did make photographs. But music was my obsession. By the time I was playing jazz I was practicing 6 hours a day and playing with others at night. When there wasn’t music, I was reading. Just no room to be serious about photography.


BA: It doesn't always have to be serious, lol.


RS: I think I was an all-or-nothing type of guy back then. When I stopped playing horn I never picked it up again.


BA: I thought the early color photos in The Boys might be yours. But judging by this info, they were not. Where did you source those photos?


RS: A couple of the snapshots were mine. But mostly they're of uncertain authorship. Each of us, our girlfriends, friends of friends, ex-wives snapped pictures. I actually love that uncertainty; they sort of belong to the milieu. This is in stark contrast to the 4x5 portrait sessions, which were scheduled, lengthy, and carefully considered. I found most of the old snapshots in several of the guys’ photo albums or in boxes of their stuff. There are also a couple that I downloaded online from social media—they’re the ones in the book that are obviously pixelated—where the original prints couldn’t be found. I scanned dozens of the snapshots and then sent them to my book designer, SYB, to make the selections. I felt that it might be better for someone who had no emotional attachment to the subjects or the place (SYB is Dutch) to make these choices. I made some additions and deletions, but for the most part went with his selections.



BA: Maybe you still have some all-or-nothing component in your personality? After you became interested in photography you did plunge ahead full steam. Studying at ICP, Hartford, etc.


RS: That is true, I tend to immerse myself in whatever I get involved in. I think I’ve always been fascinated by pictures, but when I studied at Columbia and ICP, I became aware how much I didn’t know, and I had a sense of urgency about filling in all the gaps. And I also wanted to develop some real skills. Once I embark on a specific photographic project, fascination turns to obsession. Which may be why I feel I need to leave some space between projects now.


BA: What did you think of Hartford?


RS: Getting an MFA at age 65 is not an easy proposition. I can’t say I “enjoyed” that experience, but it surely made me a better photographer. The pedagogical approach is fairly typical of a certain type of MFA program: tear you down and build you back up—and repeat. I think that’s harder when you get to a certain age—or maybe I just have a thin skin. I’m the type who mostly remembers negative criticism. I think what I really was looking for was a mentor, and that’s not at all what art school was about. The university teaching model of mentor and student working in collaboration from the days of Minor White and Ben Shahn in places like Black Mountain College is now long gone.


BA: I have a friend Doug Lowell who did the Hartford MFA later in life, maybe in his late 50s? He graduated in 2012. 


RS: I know a lot of the alumni—or at least their work— but not Doug. I am in touch with many, and am in a crit group with some, informally led by Tim Carpenter who was in Hartford’s first graduating class around ten years ago.


BA: That's one of the perks of an MFA program. It creates an automatic peer group. Or least it can.


BA: Did you ever find a mentor? 


RS: Not really. Alec Soth was an early supporter of the work when no one else felt very supportive. But Alec was a guest reviewer at Hartford, and present in the summer sessions only. When I had my first fully designed PDF for The Boys, he was the first person I sent it to. His enthusiasm for it really gave me confidence when I later presented it to my instructors and peers. I also had a second year advisor, Michael Vahrenwald, who was supportive and made many insightful suggestions. 


BA: Did Hartford make you a better photographer?


RS: Well, for one thing, you are continually turning in work and getting feedback from instructors, guest reviewers, and peers. For that 2 1/2 year period you are only thinking about, looking at, and making photographs. I think that in grad school, one of the challenges of making work that you hope to eventually present to the world is interpreting and deciding what to do with the near constant and often contradictory feedback you receive. You go to art school to not be limited by your inclinations. But there’s also the danger of gearing your work for approval of teachers and fellow students. In the end, I had to absorb what was helpful and discard what wasn’t; making that distinction was sometimes a confusing struggle.


I should also say that the “design” of the Hartford program is pretty ingenious, and program director Robert Lyons deserves the credit for this. It’s “low-residency,” which means you live and work wherever you want, and students live in many different states and countries. You turn in new work every two weeks online, and have regular crits via Skype (maybe Zoom these days?). That includes an hour long one-on-one crit every two weeks with your advisor, as well as monthly small-group crits combining 1st and 2nd year students who share the same advisor. Then there are the two-week in-person residencies, which occur 3 times a year in various places. Hartford and Berlin are always destinations, but other locations can vary from year to year. The connection to Berlin is very strong, and it results in a much less insular view of the photo world than Americans tend to have. Spending time with curator Thomas Weski and photographer Ute Mahler, for example, was a great gift. (Since I graduated there have also been residencies in Tokyo.) A lot happens during these residencies, which are very intense, including long crits and studio visits. Lastly, it’s a photobook-oriented program, and so thinking about the book form,  editing, sequencing, and making book dummies all play a prominent role. 


BA: Is the crit group with Tim Carpenter similar? How does that function?


RS: The current crit group has anywhere between 15-30 people. Not all Hartford alum. The critiques are much less harsh than at Hartford, but generally substantive. 


BA: Holy crap, that's a big group! Everyone shows work each time? In person?


RS: Usually 2-3 people show work at each crit, over a 2-3 hour session. It's been on zoom since the pandemic, but in-person (NYC) prior. I expect it'll shrink in size a bit when it's live again.


BA: I had a good group locally. But it has fizzled during pandemic. We tried Zooming but it wasn't the same at all. I have to say I really despise Zoom. 


RS: Yeah, I get that! But the advantage is that you can create a group that is geographically far flung.


BA: I am always curious how others do it.


RS: Prior to the pandemic, the group was oriented towards looking at prints, and I am sure it will eventually be again in the future. 


BA: We are print/book focused too. A few people bring laptops. But mostly we are old school analogue types. Which made the Zoom transition tougher.


RS: Somehow we made the transition. Tim is the driving force, and we have one or two people who volunteer to handle the logistics for a time, and after a while that rotates.



BA: Nice. Did the crit group help you with The Boys?


RS: No. I made a book dummy of The Boys at Hartford as my thesis project. When I graduated I spent the next one and a half years or so refining the work before finding a publisher.


BA: Did it change much during that time?


RS: In some ways it did, though I didn’t add any new photos. I worked with SYB to make a number of design changes, including the book’s trim size (for the third time). Most of those changes were intended to simplify the design, so that the only major design conceit would be the gatefolds which reveal the portraits when opened. I re-edited all the text (working with my text editor) and wrote a couple of entirely new text "chapters” (or “fragments” as I like to call them) towards the end of the book. This required a degree of reflection and perspective I didn’t have time for in the rush of making work while in grad school. I also re-worked all the post processing from scratch for the two-dozen portraits and the handful of streetscapes and still lifes. Then, when I thought my work was finished and that I only needed to find someone to contribute the afterword, two more friends who are in the book died in the space of 6 weeks. I added the "Coda" to reflect that.


RS: That section kind of completes the book. I know it sucks to lose friends. But in a way the book couldn't have finished without that event.


RS: I wouldn’t say it couldn’t have been finished without those deaths, but it certainly added a sad symmetry to the arc of the book’s story.


BA: What was it like to ask your friends for a portrait session? For most of your lives they hadn't known you as a photographer. And all of the sudden you're making a book and want them to pose. Did anyone express surprise?


RS: They all knew I was heavily involved in photography the last 8-10 years. I had made a Blurb book at the end of ICP for a project I called Twenty Two North, which most saw, and one of the guys (Fred, the one who died last), got involved in that project a bit, helping me scout locations. Several friends went to the exhibitions of that work. 


I initially introduced the idea of making everyone’s portrait after the funeral of our friend Jon. He was the second in this group to die in a nine month period. I suggested we make photographs while there were still a dozen of us to be photographed, and that seemed like a good idea to everyone.



BA: Did the request to be photographed bare-chested add another dynamic?


RS: That didn’t come up until a bit later in the process, after I’d already had a couple portrait sessions. I tried a few approaches. At first I was making more environmental portraits, which put them in the context of the times: their homes, yards, neighborhoods, clothes, etc. I was also trying different cameras. I made some portraits with a hand held medium format camera, using both color and black and white film. After reevaluating the first group of images and talking with my advisor at Hartford, I made three consequential decisions. First, I would use a large format camera because with all its fussy rituals and traditions, I thought it would feel more performative and serious. I hoped that would amplify the psychological intensity surrounding the project. Second, I would photograph each man in front of a blank wall, to isolate them, to make them seem exposed. The idea was that the portraits would stand in stark contrast to the snapshots, which are all so lively, silly, and context-rich. Third, and to get to your question, I would photograph at least some of the men bare-chested, for a couple of reasons. I wanted to show vulnerability. I also simply wanted to describe the skin of 64 year old men using Portra 400 4x5 film. I couldn’t recall seeing that elsewhere. 


My friends were game. There was one friend who would only agree to be photographed shirtless if he could approve of the photo before publication, so I didn’t even bother to have him pose shirtless. 


BA: I’m sure you've shown the book to the people in it. Can you characterize their reactions? 


RS: It’s funny, all the time I was making the work, I was thinking less about the reactions of the people in the book than I was about viewers who don’t know the subjects or the place we’re from. Obviously, this work is radically specific: a very particular group of white guys of a particular generation, raised in a very particular American suburban community. From the outset though, my feeling was that if this work isn’t felt to be universal on some level, then it’s a failure. Mortality, after all, is the bedrock of our biology. 


During the photo sessions my friends and I discussed the deeper underlying themes of the project – aging, loss, memory, mortality, long-lasting friendship. These conversations helped to create the atmosphere we needed to portray vulnerability. I also explained that I planned to use the work as the basis of my master’s thesis, so they understood that there would be a critical audience beyond our circle. Their attitudes went from gracious acceptance to genuine interest. It was as though they became partners with a stake in the outcome. It was clear that I would be making unheroic portraits that might not be flattering, and they understood that there was a good reason for doing so.


That said, it was not a true collaboration because the power to select specific portraits for use in the book was mine alone. My friends did not even see the images I was choosing between, nor did they know how I would ultimately deploy them. They trusted me. It was important to assert my authorial voice, but without entirely drowning out the voices of my friends, which they asserted through the written word, their snapshots, and their gestures in the portraits.


When the work was complete I sent the PDF to all my friends who are in the book, and suddenly I was apprehensive. Fortunately, they were extremely happy with it. They understand that it's my version of things, my particular way of telling this story, but they feel like these friendships have been duly noted for posterity. They also like that it honors our four friends who have died (actually five, counting Andy who died in 1977 and is referenced in the text and a couple of snapshots) . They have enjoyed reading the reviews these past nine months, seeing the reactions of critics, just as they were interested in Rick Moody’s essay about the work. The photo sessions themselves have become part of our shared history as well. It felt ceremonial, as though we were eulogizing our friends who died, but also creating a "certificate of presence" at the same time, to steal a Roland Barthes phrase. It also simply provided a good reason to get together.



BA: I think your friends look pretty good actually. A few battle scars and wrinkles, but all things considered they are in good shape. They are somewhat of an anomaly actually, compared to the poor health of average Americans. And the group itself is an anomaly. I mean, the fact that you still regularly communicate with a tight group of friends from childhood is very unusual. You are fortunate.


RS: The group is an anomaly, that's for sure. Boys/men in American culture are presumed to be emotionally illiterate, right? As for health, remember 4 of 14 are dead. A few more are dealing with some pretty serious chronic conditions.


BA: How often do you guys get together now?


RS: The pandemic put an end to face-to-face for the most part, though that's changing now. Before and during the pandemic though there have been texts and emails almost daily. But not as one large group, mostly in pairs or threes. When we do get together in person it's mostly in sub-sets. As many as 8 of us if we're very lucky, but more often in twos and threes. There's a guy in FL, one in Pittsburgh, one in NH, one now in Oaxaca, Mexico, and the rest in the NY area (Brooklyn, Jersey, LI). So it has been catch as catch can. We always know what's going on with one another though. 




BA: One thing that comes across in the book is a general upbeat vibe. All your friends are smiling and hugging and laughing. I know that's partially due to your archival selection. You chose certain photos for a certain mood. But still, it puts this nostalgic haze of bliss over the past. Maybe that's drug related too, who knows?


RS: Photo selection, sure, but I also think pictures were usually taken when we were having fun. And humor has always been a very big thing with these guys. A way of not taking ourselves too seriously all the time. As for nostalgia, I don't really think of the work as nostalgic. Of course every viewer/reader gets to have their own sense about things like that.



BA: Nostalgia is kind of a nasty word in photoland. I think it is suspected as a counter to intellectual rigor. But I have no problem with nostalgia. Most old snaps have some element of that and it usually makes them better IMO.


RS: Nostalgia is often associated with "sentimentality,”—those were the days!—which may be even worse in photo land! But those words not exactly synonymous. I feel that the almost forensic nature of the portraits grounds the work in the present. But for some viewers I’ve heard from, the immediate connection to the work is nostalgia for their youth or that time or place. For others, typically younger readers and often European, it may be “anemoia”: nostalgia for a time or place you’ve never known. (Photography is good at evoking this.) But the portraits of a bunch of isolated old guys inevitably bring you back to reality.


BA: How did Rick Moody get involved? 


RS: I was advised by Alec Soth to get a "real" writer to do my essay. I decided—at the advice of another person I know who heads a literary publishing house—to consider a fiction writer. I'm not sure why he suggested that but the idea appealed to me. Rick Moody and I have a mutual friend, and so I asked Joe if he would mind forwarding the PDF to Rick to see if he'd be interested. I heard back directly from Rick in under a day! It was a good match.


BA: Why did Soth suggest a “real” writer? Is that just general advice? Or did it pertain to your project in particular?


RS: I don’t think it pertained to my project in particular, but to the type of contemporary photobook that aims to create a world, to convey a story. These types of photobooks, which are abundant these days, stand in contrast to books that are collections of individual pictures, or to comprehensive retrospective accounts of an artist’s work. Alec said he thought it was a mistake to only consider other photographers or critics for the task of appending an essay to the type of photobook I was making. He suggested that it’d be a good idea to get well-known photographers or critics to write blurbs, but not the essay. In contrast, for a comprehensive retrospective monograph covering an artist’s career, he thought curators and critics can provide important and insightful essays, and I completely agree with that. 


BA: And how did you connect with Powerhouse?


RS: I sent my PDF to a zillion publishers, and got some interest from a few. But a photographer friend knew some people at PH and she reached out to them. I thought they'd be a good choice because they were willing to share the production costs, and they wanted to print around 1,500 books. I know most photobooks are done in smaller quantities, around 500 or so. But as a "hybrid”—a photo-memoir— I thought that my book might be of interest to people who don't normally buy photobooks, and so a larger print run would make sense. I mean, I was publishing to be read, and I didn't care about the being able to say early on that the edition was sold out quickly.


BA: Has that target audience materialized? Do you think it's appealing to the "hybrid memoir" crowd? I always think of photobooks as such a nerdy insider thing. Like the only people who could possibly care are photographers. But I know that's not always the case.



RS: You're probably right. I've gotten a lot of reviews in photo journals or by photography writers in more mainstream outlets, but only in a couple of more traditional literary outlets (Literary Hub and NY Journal of Books). The photo-to-text ratio is too high towards the former for The NY Times, LA Review of Books, NY Review of Books or the Times Literary Supplement.  So if there even is such a thing as a “hybrid memoir crowd,” they wouldn’t know about the book.


BA: There was a Vogue piece. That's crossover.


RS: Vogue Italia, yeah. Rica Cerbarano is great. I wonder who reads her columns though. Just us photo nerds, probably.


BA: I have no idea. To me the book falls pretty easily into "photobook" category. It is picture heavy. There are some texts but they feel secondary. So it seems naturally aimed at the photo crowd.


RS: To quote Alec Soth, “… and that’s one of the great struggles with combining pictures and words. Do you find a photographic audience? Do you find a literary audience? In the end, it’s kind of neither one, very often.” For me, the text isn’t secondary, even though it’s only about 4,000 words. But again, every reader/viewer forms their own opinions about a work once it’s released.


BA: You just gotta do your thing. All the audience targeting is just a guessing game.


RS: I agree, and I made the book I had to make. I am not second-guessing that.


BA: I’m sure Cecil Taylor ran into the same marketing issue. Who buys jazz albums? Other jazz musicians. Or extreme music nerds. Not much general crossover.


RS: Perhaps. But Cecil was a genius.


BA: Genius doesn't count for shit selling product


RS: True, at least in the short run. In Cecil’s case, he has earned his place in music history, and so he will be listened to and studied over the long haul. With respect to photobooks that combine images and text, I do feel that a lot of photobook aficionados don't like text much, especially if it is assigned the task of helping carry the weight of the narrative. I think it was Roland Barthes who said that the linguistic message, when used as an anchor, directs us towards a meaning selected in advance. So there's that. That was the prevailing sentiment at Hartford, in my opinion. Personally I think it depends on the text itself and how/where it sits in a photobook. 


BA: I tend to respond viscerally to pictures. Sometimes text can interfere with that. So I think it needs to be introduced in a very deliberate way, or else it can just run wild through the viewer's brain. That's not to say writing and photos can't coexist. It's just a delicate balance.


RS: It is a delicate balance. And book design becomes very important then. You also have to assume that many people won’t read a photobook from front to back, as they would a literary text. So I was conscious of writing text “fragments” that could read in any order. 


BA: Even something as simple as a caption can really color the interpretation of an image.


RS: I specifically didn't want my text to function as extended captions, nor were the photographs intended to just illustrate the text. My goal was for the images and words to exist on equal terms, each telling stories in their own way. Photographs are all surface, two-dimensional exteriors. The viewer is invited to imagine the nature of the subject or of the photographer and to fill in the before and after. This, in part, is what makes good images so powerful and memorable. But pictures can’t really convey a deep truth about the person photographed; we really know absolutely nothing about them. Text can articulate an interior space, where memories, ideas, and feelings are pieced together and can be told. “Interiority—the kingdom the camera never captures,” to quote poet and memoirist, Mary Karr.


BA: I think the book works well in this aspect. It is mostly pictures but there's enough backstory to fill in the history.


RS: Thank you, Blake.


(All photos above © Rick Schatzberg)